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Chemical Formula

A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a chemical substance using letters, numbers, and symbols to indicate the type and number of atoms present in a molecule.

Senses:

1. Basic Sense:

In the basic sense, a chemical formula represents the composition of a substance by specifying the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.

For example:

• The chemical formula for water is H₂O. It indicates that a water molecule consists of 2 hydrogen (H) atoms and 1 oxygen (O) atom.
• The chemical formula for table salt is NaCl. It indicates that a salt molecule consists of 1 sodium (Na) atom and 1 chlorine (Cl) atom.

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2. Empirical Formula:

In chemistry, the empirical formula is the simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule, often derived from experimental data.

For example:

• The empirical formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. It represents the ratio of 6 carbon (C) atoms, 12 hydrogen (H) atoms, and 6 oxygen (O) atoms in a glucose molecule.

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3. Structural Formula:

A structural formula represents the way atoms are bonded and arranged in a molecule, providing detailed information about the connectivity of atoms.

For example:

• The structural formula for methane is CH₄. It shows that one carbon (C) atom is bonded to four hydrogen (H) atoms.
• The structural formula for ethene is H₂C=CH₂. It represents the double bond between two carbon (C) atoms and their respective hydrogen (H) atoms.

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